He returned to Harvard in 1948 as a professor, and was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology from 1958 until he retired in 1974. in psychology from Harvard in 1931, and stayed on as a researcher until 1936, when he departed to take academic posts at the University of Minnesota and Indiana University. The stereotype of a bespectacled experimenter in a white lab coat, engaged in shaping behavior through the operant conditioning of lab rats or pigeons in contraptions known as Skinner boxes comes directly from Skinner’s immeasurably influential research.Īlthough he originally intended to make a career as a writer, Skinner received his Ph.D. In the 20th century, many of the images that came to mind when thinking about experimental psychology were tied to the work of Burrhus Frederick Skinner. Skinner, “Superstition’ in the Pigeon” (p. Whenever we present a state of affairs which is known to be reinforcing at a given drive, we must suppose that conditioning takes place, even though we have paid no attention to the behavior of the organism in making the presentation.” It may follow because of some mechanical connection or because of the mediation of another organism but conditioning takes place presumably because of the temporal relation only, expressed in terms of the order and proximity of response and reinforcement. “To say that a reinforcement is contingent upon a response may mean nothing more than that it follows the response.
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